July 23 1921
Abd el-Krim Khattabi and his rebel forces defeated the Spanish colonial army at Anoual, Morocco. The Spanish Mellila garrison, approximately 2,000 soldiers, were wiped out, with the Commander-in-Chief, General Fernandez Silvestre, committing suicide rather than face surrender.
July 23 1959
French forces began an offensive in the Kabylia region of Algeria.
July 23 1962: The Birth of Satellite TV, 50 Years Ago
In homes across Rome, people barely touched their dinners. London’s pubs were packed, but bartenders served nary a drink. Throughout Europe, more than 100 million people huddled around television sets on the evening of July 23, 1962, to tune in to history. With Europeans watching eagerly, a black-and-white image of the Statue of Liberty flickered onto their screens. The picture itself was not particularly noteworthy except for one thing: it was live, via satellite.
Abd el-Krim Khattabi and his rebel forces defeated the Spanish colonial army at Anoual, Morocco. The Spanish Mellila garrison, approximately 2,000 soldiers, were wiped out, with the Commander-in-Chief, General Fernandez Silvestre, committing suicide rather than face surrender.
July 23 1959
French forces began an offensive in the Kabylia region of Algeria.
July 23 1962: The Birth of Satellite TV, 50 Years Ago
In homes across Rome, people barely touched their dinners. London’s pubs were packed, but bartenders served nary a drink. Throughout Europe, more than 100 million people huddled around television sets on the evening of July 23, 1962, to tune in to history. With Europeans watching eagerly, a black-and-white image of the Statue of Liberty flickered onto their screens. The picture itself was not particularly noteworthy except for one thing: it was live, via satellite.
The historic, live transatlantic broadcast was made possible by Telstar, a spherical satellite only the size of a large beach ball. Built by AT&T and dreamed up in Bell Labs, now the research arm of Alcatel-Lucent, Telstar received telephone calls, data, still pictures and fax images from ground stations in Andover, Maine, and France before amplifying them and relaying them across the Atlantic Ocean. A nickel cadmium battery and 3,600 solar cells protected by sapphire powered the 170-pound satellite, which roared into orbit from Cape Canaveral atop a NASA Thor-Delta rocket on July 10, 1962. Since AT&T paid NASA $3 million to launch the satellite, Telstar marked the first privately sponsored space initiative.
After a successful initial test of the transatlantic television signal, the public rollout occurred during that special broadcast on July 23, 1962, which aired in Canada and 16 European countries and on all three major American networks. Telstar could only broadcast signals when it was visible to ground stations on both sides of the Atlantic, meaning there was only a 20-minute transmission window during each two-and-a-half-hour orbit.
July 23 1968
Passengers and crew, including 21 Israelis, from the hijacked El Al flight from Tel Aviv (22 July) were placed in detention by Algerian authorities.
They were only released six weeks later. This is the first recorded hijacking by a Palestinian terrorist group (in this case the Popular Front for the Liberation Palestine, PFLP).
July 23 1970
Four members of the group who deposed Ja'far Muhammad an-Numeiry (for four days) in a military coup were executed in the Sudan.
July 23 1994
The Zaire-Rwanda border was closed by Zaire's government, preventing thousands of Rwandan refugees from returning home.
Source: history.com, africanhistory.about.com
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